I'm quite baffled by it throwing such errors... it still keeps confusing the path, try checking your environment variables for any strange errors or misconfiguration due to program files being on D:. This misinterpretation is quite a bit silly to be honest.
Anyways if this system does not have any other critical data/services running I'd reimage it with a clean install of windows server, present only the C: drive to it, install the vCenter and create a D: drive after a successful installation - I am out of ideas here 